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Note:
This arrangement is also for keyboard in which you use your
both hands but you use right hand in playing harmonium.
As mentioned earlier in Fig 1, we have assumed the first white key
to be the Sa (S), for convenience. But from now we will use black
key as our first starting point for Sa (S). You will find that there
are sets of 5 black keys on the keyboard. Each set of those 5 black
keys is made up of 2 + 3 black keys. The first white key is that
white key which lies immediately to the left of the first black key.
Since there are several sets of 5 black keys, there will also be
several "first white" keys. In a saptak there are total 12 keys
which consists of 5 black keys and seven white keys as mentioned
below:
You are going to use only your right hand to play melody on
harmonium/keyboard. The right hand fingers are numbered as follows:
The
thumb is numbered
1
The index finger is 2
The middle finger is 3
The ring finger is 4
The little finger is numbered 5.
Fingers:
In western system there are 12
scales while in desi system there are ten thaat. A thaat is the
ascending and descending movements from S R G M P D N S', and back
that is, S' N D P M G R S. All the 8 notes are always included, in
that order, in a or thaat. In these lessons thaat uses only "
first black" key as starting point, that is,
natural. We will always fix our first note from first
black key in madh saptak which is easier for sargam practice
and playing songs. Sargam means seven notes in ascending and
descending order. For a complete sargam we also include 8th note of
the next saptak which is Sa'.
Know Your Swars
In music there are seven notes in a ‘Sur’ which are Sa, Re,
Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Ni
There are twelve swar in one saptak because five swar also
have their saathi
swar. Only two swar are called achal swar (fixed swars) because
they do not have any saathi swars. The Achal swars are Sa and Pa.
The following five
tiver swar have their saathi swars
1. Re
2. Ga
3. Ma
4. Dha
5. Ni
Sa and Pa are not
included in the above mentioned five swar.
The reason is this that their saathi swars do not exist.
These swar are called achal swar.
These achal swar are
not komal nor tiver.
To
distinguish
komal and tiver we will write
komal swar with the small letters and
tiver swar with
capital lettesr as given below:
List of Komal Saathi Swar
of Re, Ga, Ma, Dha, Ni
Komal Swars are shown in small letters.
Komal Re
--------- r
Komal Ga
--------- g
Komal Ma
---------
m
Komal Dha
---------
d
Komal Dha ---------
n
List of Tiver Saathi Swar of Re, Ga, Ma, Dha, Ni
Tiver Swars are shown in capital letters.
Tiver Re
---------
R
Tiver Ga
---------
G
Tiver Ma
---------
M
Tiver Dha ---------
D
Tiver Ni
---------
N
Achal or Qyme Swars
Achal or Qyme Swars are also shown by capital letters.
Achal Swars --------- S
and P
We can also write the
whole sargam by combining achal komal and tiver as S
r R g G m M P d D n N S.
(here S and P is called achal or qyme swar and without komal and
tiver saathi swar). When all the swar are
tiver in a Sargam then it will become the sargam of Raga Aiman or
Kalyan. Raga aiman or kalyan is same. In the Sargam of Raga
Aiman all swar will be
tiver along with Sa and Pa which are achal or qyme swar. These tiver
and achal swar are represented here as under:-
Tiver S wars
or Sharp Swars:
R,
G,
M,
D,
N
Achal S, P,
There
are total 12 notes in one saptak: 5 Komal + 5 Tiver+ 2
Achal = 12
This rule will apply to all three saptak in a harmonium and in all
four or five octaves in a keyboard.
In the below given diagram we have shown notes from all three
saptak which are mandar, madh and taar. The below given notes
are shown only for understanding different notes arrangements.
Playing arrangement
(1) from
first white key
Here ACH = Achal
Swars,
TIV = Tiver Swars, KOM = Komal Swars
Here starting from first white key as our Sa
the arrangement of notes will be as given below:-
Note : The first
note or key just
attached after Sa is
always Komal Ray, then
Tiver Ray, then Komal Ga Then Tiver Ga, then Komal
Ma then Tiver Ma, Achal Pa Then
Komal Dha, Tiver Dha, Komal Ni Tiver Ni,
Then Achal Sa.
Or we can write whole sargam as S r R g G m M P d D n N S
In the Diagram.2 we are
starting from left side and from first white key. The
immediate key just attached to Sa is r with key number 2.
With r the next
immediate key just attached is R with key number 3 and with R the
next key just attached is g with key number 4 and so on . . . . .The
keys attached with each other are show by numbering 1,2,3,4,5……36.
We can also explain in
another way: After Achal Sa there will be Komal note then Tiver, and
so on…………. Pa is also Achal
and after Pa then there will be Komal Dha, Tiver Dha and so on
If you will recognize komal and tiver Swars then you will be
able to understand thaat, scale, ragas and song notation which
will help you play a song. Many old and new song are composed
in a particular Raga.
Saptk: A saptak is
the complete set of five komal and five tiver swars
along with two
achal swar which are Sa
and Pa. So there are total
twelve swars in a complete sargam.
Actual playing
arrangement (2) from
first black key in desi style
Our
actual playing arrangement for further lessons
Here starting from first black key as our Sa
the arrangement of notes will be same as mentioned in playing
arrangement (1) above.
Note: The first
note
or key attached
just after Sa is always
Komal Ray Then
Tiver Ray, Komal Ga Then Tiver Ga, Komal
Ma then Tiver Ma, Achal Pa Then
Komal Dha, Tiver Dha, Komal Ni Tiver Ni,
Then Achal Sa.
Or we can write whole sargam as S r R g G m M P d D n N S
In the Diagram arrangement (1) above we
are starting from left side and from first white key. The
immediate key just attached to Sa is komal r with key number 2.
With komal r the next
immediate key just attached is tiver R with key number 3 and with
again with tiver R the
next key just attached is komal g with key number 4 and so on . . . . .The
keys attached with each other are shown by numbering 1,2,3,4,5……35
for your understanding only.
Thaat or Scales
The set of Seven Notes which can produce a Raga is called a Thaat in Urdu or Hindi and ragas produce melodious songs. The system
of classification for the raga in different groups is called a
thaat. There are again several systems of classification of the
raga. If you want to learn keyboard or harmonium the practice of
thaat is important. If you want to sing-along music notes then
sargam and raga practice is important. If you learn thaat then you
can learn raga and can play many songs. Beauty in playing a song
appears when you use ragas. One can play song in a thaat
but there are very few songs for a particular thaat. Ragas can
produce many songs. Thaat have fix seven notes where in ragas notes
can vary. There are certain rules for these thaat. Thaat is a
desi scale of seven notes.
For harmonium beginners tent thaat practice is essential. First try to
learn ten thaat and try to play only thaat based songs. Without
practice of thaat based songs never try to play raga based songs.
1. A Thaat must have
seven notes out of the twelve notes placed in an ascending or
descending order. Both the forms of the notes can be used.
2. Thaat has only
an Arohi.
3. Thaats are not to be
sung and are for only playing music songs but the ragas produced
from the thaat are sung.
We can play music of song with a thaat but beauty will only come if we
play music with ragas.
4. Thaats are named after
the popular raga of that thaat. For example bhairavi is a popular
raga and the thaat of the raga bhairavi is named after the raga.
5. Out of ten thaat
about 80 ragas are developed and performed these days. But
for a beginner 30 ragas are sufficient for perfection and
practice.
Learn how to know harmonium fingering with harmonium swars. Pakistani
harmonium piano video lessons available online. All credit cards
accepted.
Harmonium Lessons
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